ছোট পাখি বাতাসি - প্রথম আলো
বাতাসিদের জীবন হলো, হয় পাখা মেলে বাতাসে ভর করে আকাশে ওড়ো-ঘোরো, না-হয় পা দিয়ে সুবিধামতো কোনো কিছু আঁকড়ে ঝুলে থাকো। গাছের ডালে অন্য পাখিদের মতো এরা বসতে পারে না। পা ছোট, দুর্বল। তাই এরা দিনের প্রায় পুরো সময়টাই উড়ে উড়ে আনন্দ করে, খেলায় মাতে এবং অপেক্ষাকৃত বড় মুখটা হাঁ করে উড়ন্ত পোকা-পতঙ্গ গেলে। উড়তে উড়তে ছোঁ দিয়ে খায়। পান করে ওপরের দিকে গাল হাঁ করে বৃষ্টির জল, গোসলও করে বৃষ্টির জলে মন-প্রাণ ভরে। খুবই আমুদে-খেলুড়ে পাখি এরা। সব সময়ই গান গেয়ে চলে। আকাশে এরা দলবদ্ধভাবে নানা রকম খেলায় মাতে।
মেয়ে ও পুরুষ পাখি দেখতে একই রকম। বাংলাদেশে বাতাসিদের জীবন মূলত তালগাছকেন্দ্রিক। কেননা, তালগাছের ঝুলন্ত-দুলন্ত পাতার ভেতরে ঢুকে এরা পা আঁকড়ে পড়ে থাকতে পারে অনায়াসে। বাসাও করে একই রকম জায়গায়। বাসাটাও দেখতে বটে! মনে হয় অনেকটাই কোন্ আইসক্রিমের আকৃতির বা অতি সরু একটা লম্বাটে চায়ের কাপ, যে কাপটার তলার দিকটা চাপা। বাসার বাইরের দিকে এরা নিজেদের শরীরের পালক বা কুড়িয়ে আনা অন্য কোনো পাখি বা মুরগির ফুলপালক সেঁটে দেয়। সেঁটে দেয় নিজেদের মুখের আঠালো লালা দিয়ে। বাসা লম্বায় নয় সেন্টিমিটার, ওজন চার থেকে সাত গ্রাম। গভীরতা চার-পাঁচ সেন্টিমিটার। গড় বেড় ১২ সেন্টিমিটার।
যেহেতু তালগাছের জীবন এদের, প্রচলিত নাম তাই ‘তালবাতাসি’। বাগেরহাট-ফকিরহাটে নাম ‘আদম পাখি’ বা ‘আদম সুরত’। ইংরেজি নামটাও তালগাছকে নিয়েই Asian Palm Swift। বাতাসির বৈজ্ঞানিক নাম Cyphiurus Balasiensis।
শরীরের মাপ ১৩ সেন্টিমিটার। এদের যদি লম্বাটে লেজটুকু না থাকত, তাহলে এটি হতে পারত বাংলাদেশের সবচেয়ে ছোট পাখি ফুলঝুরির চেয়েও ছোট। নলাকার লম্বাটে শরীর এদের। দুই পাখা মেললে তা ছিলা ছাড়া ধনুকের মতো মনে হয়। সরু লেজের আগাটা যখন মেলে ধরে, তখন দুই পাশের পালক মিলে ঠিক ইলিশ মাছের লেজের মতো মনে হয়। লেজটা ওরা উড়তে উড়তে, ডাইভ মারতে মারতে চমৎকার ভঙ্গিতে দোলায়-ঝোলায়। দ্রুত উড়তে পারে এরা, হঠাৎ দিক বদল করতে পারে, চমৎকার ‘ডাইভ’ও দিতে জানে।
এক নজরে ঘোলাটে বাদামি পাখি এরা। ঠিক ডানার উপরিভাগ ঘন বাদামি। গলা-বুক-পেট ও ডানার তলা চকচকে বাদামি। চ্যাপ্টা ধরনের ছোট মাথা। ঠোঁট ও পা কালো। পায়ের নখ বরই কাঁটার মতো ধারালো।
বাতাসির দেখা মিলবে সারা দেশেই। ঢাকা শহরেও আছে। রাজধানী শহরের কেন্দ্রস্থলেও তালজাতীয় গাছের পাতার ভেতরে থাকে এরা, বাসাও করে। মাটিতে নামতে পারে না এরা, পারে না বসতেও, তাই বাসার উপকরণ সংগ্রহ করে উড়ে উড়েই। স্বামী-স্ত্রী দুজনে মিলে বাসা করে। ডিম হয় দু-তিনটি। ডিম টিকটিকির ডিমের সমান, তবে লম্বাটে। দুটি ডিমের ওজন দুই থেকে চার গ্রাম। রং সাদা। দুজনে মিলে পালা করে তা দেয়। ডিম ফোটে ১৬-১৯ দিনে। বাতাসিরা যথেষ্ট আছে বাংলাদেশে। তবে তালগাছ কম হওয়ায় কিছুটা অসুবিধায় আছে এরা।
Wednesday, 24 April 2013
Friday, 16 December 2011
Synthetic forming fabric
Synthetic forming fabric
single layer synthetic forming fabric
2-shed single layer synthetic forming fabric
Feature:
• Simple construction
• High fiber support index
• Better sheet release
• Good drainage
• Good retention
Properties Range
Warp ends per cm 7-18
Weft counter per cm 7-10
Caliper (mm) 0.9-1.6
Fiber support index 36-54
Air permeability (CFM) 350-600
3-shed single layer synthetic forming fabric
3-shed twill weave (one up two down) is the simple design in synthetic forming fabric. This design is commonly used for various filtration purpose, effluent treatment plant, pulp sheet manufacturing, sludge, de-watering, pulp washer, bleacher etc.
Feature:
• Simple construction
• Good sheet support index
• High air permeability
• Good drainage
• High wear side filament offer high life potential.
• Easy clean ability
Properties Range
Warp ends per cm 10-11
Weft counter per cm 6-7
Caliper (mm) 1.6-1.8
Fiber support index 34-58
Air permeability (CFM) 350-450
4-shed single layer synthetic forming fabric
4-shed single layer Synthetic forming fabric is weaved (one up three down) simple in construction. It is standard type of synthetic forming fabric in manufacturing all verities paper grades, mainly used for producing cultural paper printing paper, packing paper and so on.
Feature:
• Simple construction
• Mesh available from 16 cm to 30 cm
• Dominated by warp yarn
• Available in finer & closer varieties
• Available both as warp & weft runner
• Restricts wire mark
• Excellent drainage capacity
• Moderate retention
Properties Range
Warp ends per cm 10-13
Weft counter per cm 14-22
Caliper (mm) 0.5-1.0
Fiber support index 50-85
Air permeability (CFM) 350-550
5-shed single layer synthetic forming fabric
5-shed (one up four down) single layer Synthetic forming fabric is suitable for making healthy, culture and packing papers etc. This synthetic forming fabric design is widely used in manufacturing writing/printing, Kraft, tissue, newsprint etc.
Feature:
• Simple construction
• Increased void volume over 4-shed
• High volume of wear side material thus longer life.
• Uniform hole size
• Mesh available from 22 cm to 30 cm
• Good sheet release
• Offers better drainage capacity then 4-shed
• Good fiber support/retention
Properties Range
Warp ends per cm 22-28
Weft counter per cm 16-25
Caliper (mm) 0.5-0.7
Fiber support index 60-80
Air permeability (CFM) 400-600
Raw Material Polyester / Polyamide
8-shed single layer synthetic forming fabric
8-shed (two up six down) single layer Synthetic forming fabric is the most wear-resisting one in the single layer screen, which have long performance life, but mesh print is relatively deep. It is mainly used for making high basis weight paper & packing paper e.g. copying the papermaking bag, craft paper, cardboard, corrugated paper and so on.
Properties Range
Warp ends per cm 22-28
Weft counter per cm 16-25
Caliper (mm) 0.5-0.7
Fiber support index 60-80
Air permeability (CFM) 400-600
1.5 layer synthetic forming fabric
10-shaft 1.5 layer synthetic forming fabric is widely used in manufacturing writing/printing. 10-shed design mesh available from 20 cm to 40 cm.
Feature:
• More internal void volume
• Increased stability
• Improved resistance to wear
• Improved sheet release
• Offers better drainage capacity
• Super life potential
Application
• When running paper grades 50 to 220 gsm
• On fourdrinier position & multi wire machine
• Good for machine where stock nature is abrasive
• Where recycled fiber & agricultural residue is the standard
Properties Range
Warp ends per cm 22-30
Weft counter per cm 25-40
Caliper (mm) 0.75-0.85
Fiber support index 80-90
Air permeability (CFM) 400-600
Double layer Synthetic forming fabric
7-shed double layer Synthetic forming fabric
7-shed double layer Synthetic forming fabric is suitable for quality printing paper, news paper, fluting, kraft and tissue paper etc. mesh available from 35 cm to 70 cm.
8-shed double layer Synthetic forming fabric
8-shed double layer Synthetic forming fabric has one set of MD filaments & two sets of CD filaments stacked one over the other. This allows finer filaments on top & usage of coarse bottom filament on wear side. It is suitable for all varieties of quality writing/printing paper, tissue paper, Board newsprint and the surface pulp and inner pulp of the board paper etc. mesh available from 35 cm to 70 cm.
Features:
• High air permeability
• Design allows to incorporate thicker weft filament without sacrificing slacking
• Excellent drainage capacity
• Good formation
• Good dimensional stability
• Excellent life potential
• Powerful construction that withstands high MD loads & resists CD ridging
• good machine run ability
easy to keep clean
16-shed double layer Synthetic forming fabric
16-shed double layer Synthetic forming fabric is developed with the concept of increasing running time of forming fabric without affecting the paper quality. This design has 8-shed weave pattern on forming side & 16-shed weave pattern on the machine side. It is suitable for making quality printing paper, tissue paper and surface pulp, inner pulp and base pulp of the board paper etc.
Features:
• High air permeability
• High wear side CD yarns
• Good retention
• Excellent drainage capacity
• Good formation
• Good dimensional stability
• Excellent life potential than single layer forming fabric
• Better sheet knock-off
• good machine run ability
• easy to keep clean
2.5 layer synthetic forming fabric
8-shed, 2.5 layer Synthetic forming fabric
This is the most popular family of 2.5 layers (X-pick). It is suitable for making quality printing paper, tissue paper and surface pulp, inner pulp and base pulp of the board paper etc. mesh available from 35 cm to 70 cm. Suitable for all paper and board machines. Low energy consumption
Features:
• Large wear side CD yarn
• Wear side coarser & more open
• Good wear potential
• Better sheet release/ retention
• High internal void volume
• High fiber support index because of an additional fine filler yarn added on the top layer
• The top & bottom weft ratio remains 2:1
• Excellent topside smoothness
• Better drain ability
• Excellent sheet quality
Properties Range
Warp ends per cm 36-42
Weft counter per cm (16-22)*3
Caliper (mm) 0.7-1.5
Fiber support index 90-150
Air permeability (CFM) 320-450
16-shed, 2.5 layer Synthetic forming fabric
With extra support Shute. Mesh available from 35 cm to 70 cm. It is suitable for Writing / Printing, Fluting / Kraft / Board Newsprint, LWC Fine and Specialty.
Features:
• The ratio of CD strands on the paper & wear side will thus be 2:1
• Wear side is having very long float
• Rugged construction, resist cross directional ridging
• Better sheet release/ retention
• Good internal void volume
• High fiber support index
• Excellent topside smoothness
• Better drain ability
• Very long running time
Properties Range
Warp ends per cm 34-64
Weft counter per cm (10-20)*3
Caliper (mm) 0.8-1.4
Fiber support index 80-135
Air permeability (CFM) 350-550
Three layer synthetic forming fabric
Three-layer Synthetic forming fabrics are suitable for making quality printing paper, tissue paper and cigarette paper etc. Mesh available from 35 cm to 70 cm. Multi shed 7-16.
Features:
• Greater safety due to material stability
• Abrasion resistant
• Precise dimension
• Superior quality
• good fiber support
• very good life potential
• excellent dimensional stability
3.5 layer synthetic forming fabric
8-shed 3.5 layer synthetic forming fabric (triple weft)
Three cross direction filaments vertically slacked on over the other that offers excellent cross directional stability. This is most suitable for wider high speed machine to manufacture all kinds of paper & boards. Mesh available from 35 cm to 70 cm
Features:
• High bending stiffness
• Excellent sheet support & release/better retention
• High void volume
• Additional middle layer creates a balance between paper & running side
• Excellent drainage
• Longer running time
• Excellent dimensional stability up to fag end of its life
16-shed 3.5 layer synthetic forming fabric (triple weft)
This has vertically slacked cross directional filaments that offer maximum cross directional stability. This is most suitable for writing/printing, newsprint high speed twin wire/fourdrinier machine particularly on wide machines.
Features:
• High cross stability
• Excellent sheet support & release
• High fiber support index/retention
• High air permeability
• Longer volume presented for wear
• Excellent drainage capacity
• Good formation
• Flat surface
• Very high life potential
• Improved sheet profile
According to the weaving, synthetic forming fabric can be divided into 2-shed, 4-shed, 5-shed, 7-shed, 8-shed, 16-shed, 24-shed etc. According to the category, it can be divided into single layer fabric, 1.5 layer fabric, double layer fabric, two-and a half layer fabric, three-layer fabric, and 3.5 layer fabric. The paper making synthetic forming fabrics are made form polyester or polyamide.
single layer synthetic forming fabric
2-shed single layer synthetic forming fabric
2-shaft plain weave (one up one down) is the most simple design in synthetic forming fabric. Most commonly used in pulp sheet, sludge, de-watering, straw board, extractor mould, pulp washer, bleacher etc.
Feature:
• Simple construction
• High fiber support index
• Better sheet release
• Good drainage
• Good retention
Properties Range
Warp ends per cm 7-18
Weft counter per cm 7-10
Caliper (mm) 0.9-1.6
Fiber support index 36-54
Air permeability (CFM) 350-600
3-shed single layer synthetic forming fabric
3-shed twill weave (one up two down) is the simple design in synthetic forming fabric. This design is commonly used for various filtration purpose, effluent treatment plant, pulp sheet manufacturing, sludge, de-watering, pulp washer, bleacher etc.
Feature:
• Simple construction
• Good sheet support index
• High air permeability
• Good drainage
• High wear side filament offer high life potential.
• Easy clean ability
Properties Range
Warp ends per cm 10-11
Weft counter per cm 6-7
Caliper (mm) 1.6-1.8
Fiber support index 34-58
Air permeability (CFM) 350-450
4-shed single layer synthetic forming fabric
4-shed single layer Synthetic forming fabric is weaved (one up three down) simple in construction. It is standard type of synthetic forming fabric in manufacturing all verities paper grades, mainly used for producing cultural paper printing paper, packing paper and so on.
Feature:
• Simple construction
• Mesh available from 16 cm to 30 cm
• Dominated by warp yarn
• Available in finer & closer varieties
• Available both as warp & weft runner
• Restricts wire mark
• Excellent drainage capacity
• Moderate retention
Warp ends per cm 10-13
Weft counter per cm 14-22
Caliper (mm) 0.5-1.0
Fiber support index 50-85
Air permeability (CFM) 350-550
5-shed single layer synthetic forming fabric
5-shed (one up four down) single layer Synthetic forming fabric is suitable for making healthy, culture and packing papers etc. This synthetic forming fabric design is widely used in manufacturing writing/printing, Kraft, tissue, newsprint etc.
Feature:
• Simple construction
• Increased void volume over 4-shed
• High volume of wear side material thus longer life.
• Uniform hole size
• Mesh available from 22 cm to 30 cm
• Good sheet release
• Offers better drainage capacity then 4-shed
• Good fiber support/retention
Warp ends per cm 22-28
Weft counter per cm 16-25
Caliper (mm) 0.5-0.7
Fiber support index 60-80
Air permeability (CFM) 400-600
Raw Material Polyester / Polyamide
8-shed single layer synthetic forming fabric
8-shed (two up six down) single layer Synthetic forming fabric is the most wear-resisting one in the single layer screen, which have long performance life, but mesh print is relatively deep. It is mainly used for making high basis weight paper & packing paper e.g. copying the papermaking bag, craft paper, cardboard, corrugated paper and so on.
Warp ends per cm 22-28
Weft counter per cm 16-25
Caliper (mm) 0.5-0.7
Fiber support index 60-80
Air permeability (CFM) 400-600
1.5 layer synthetic forming fabric
10-shaft 1.5 layer synthetic forming fabric is widely used in manufacturing writing/printing. 10-shed design mesh available from 20 cm to 40 cm.
Feature:
• More internal void volume
• Increased stability
• Improved resistance to wear
• Improved sheet release
• Offers better drainage capacity
• Super life potential
Application
• When running paper grades 50 to 220 gsm
• On fourdrinier position & multi wire machine
• Good for machine where stock nature is abrasive
• Where recycled fiber & agricultural residue is the standard
Properties Range
Warp ends per cm 22-30
Weft counter per cm 25-40
Caliper (mm) 0.75-0.85
Fiber support index 80-90
Air permeability (CFM) 400-600
Double layer Synthetic forming fabric
7-shed double layer Synthetic forming fabric
7-shed double layer Synthetic forming fabric is suitable for quality printing paper, news paper, fluting, kraft and tissue paper etc. mesh available from 35 cm to 70 cm.
8-shed double layer Synthetic forming fabric
8-shed double layer Synthetic forming fabric has one set of MD filaments & two sets of CD filaments stacked one over the other. This allows finer filaments on top & usage of coarse bottom filament on wear side. It is suitable for all varieties of quality writing/printing paper, tissue paper, Board newsprint and the surface pulp and inner pulp of the board paper etc. mesh available from 35 cm to 70 cm.
Features:
• High air permeability
• Design allows to incorporate thicker weft filament without sacrificing slacking
• Excellent drainage capacity
• Good formation
• Good dimensional stability
• Excellent life potential
• Powerful construction that withstands high MD loads & resists CD ridging
• good machine run ability
easy to keep clean
16-shed double layer Synthetic forming fabric
16-shed double layer Synthetic forming fabric is developed with the concept of increasing running time of forming fabric without affecting the paper quality. This design has 8-shed weave pattern on forming side & 16-shed weave pattern on the machine side. It is suitable for making quality printing paper, tissue paper and surface pulp, inner pulp and base pulp of the board paper etc.
Features:
• High air permeability
• High wear side CD yarns
• Good retention
• Excellent drainage capacity
• Good formation
• Good dimensional stability
• Excellent life potential than single layer forming fabric
• Better sheet knock-off
• good machine run ability
• easy to keep clean
8-shed, 2.5 layer Synthetic forming fabric
This is the most popular family of 2.5 layers (X-pick). It is suitable for making quality printing paper, tissue paper and surface pulp, inner pulp and base pulp of the board paper etc. mesh available from 35 cm to 70 cm. Suitable for all paper and board machines. Low energy consumption
• Large wear side CD yarn
• Wear side coarser & more open
• Good wear potential
• Better sheet release/ retention
• High internal void volume
• High fiber support index because of an additional fine filler yarn added on the top layer
• The top & bottom weft ratio remains 2:1
• Excellent topside smoothness
• Better drain ability
• Excellent sheet quality
Properties Range
Warp ends per cm 36-42
Weft counter per cm (16-22)*3
Caliper (mm) 0.7-1.5
Fiber support index 90-150
Air permeability (CFM) 320-450
16-shed, 2.5 layer Synthetic forming fabric
With extra support Shute. Mesh available from 35 cm to 70 cm. It is suitable for Writing / Printing, Fluting / Kraft / Board Newsprint, LWC Fine and Specialty.
Features:
• The ratio of CD strands on the paper & wear side will thus be 2:1
• Wear side is having very long float
• Rugged construction, resist cross directional ridging
• Better sheet release/ retention
• Good internal void volume
• High fiber support index
• Excellent topside smoothness
• Better drain ability
• Very long running time
Warp ends per cm 34-64
Weft counter per cm (10-20)*3
Caliper (mm) 0.8-1.4
Fiber support index 80-135
Air permeability (CFM) 350-550
Three layer synthetic forming fabric
Three-layer Synthetic forming fabrics are suitable for making quality printing paper, tissue paper and cigarette paper etc. Mesh available from 35 cm to 70 cm. Multi shed 7-16.
Features:
• Greater safety due to material stability
• Abrasion resistant
• Precise dimension
• Superior quality
• good fiber support
• very good life potential
• excellent dimensional stability
3.5 layer synthetic forming fabric
8-shed 3.5 layer synthetic forming fabric (triple weft)
Three cross direction filaments vertically slacked on over the other that offers excellent cross directional stability. This is most suitable for wider high speed machine to manufacture all kinds of paper & boards. Mesh available from 35 cm to 70 cm
Features:
• High bending stiffness
• Excellent sheet support & release/better retention
• High void volume
• Additional middle layer creates a balance between paper & running side
• Excellent drainage
• Longer running time
• Excellent dimensional stability up to fag end of its life
This has vertically slacked cross directional filaments that offer maximum cross directional stability. This is most suitable for writing/printing, newsprint high speed twin wire/fourdrinier machine particularly on wide machines.
Features:
• High cross stability
• Excellent sheet support & release
• High fiber support index/retention
• High air permeability
• Longer volume presented for wear
• Excellent drainage capacity
• Good formation
• Flat surface
• Very high life potential
• Improved sheet profile
Friday, 9 December 2011
Cleaning the Fabric
Use of chemicals cannot be ruled out in some cases. Given below are chemicals to be used for different natures of clogging.
1. Caustic soda solution of 5% can be used if necessary.
2. Removal of rosin size and foreign matter a 5% solution Acetic Acid wash followed by a 10% solution soda ash wash.
For removal of oil and grease used kerosene Benzene, Acetone, Methylated spirits, Toluene, Trichloroethylene etc.
Precautions
1. Do not use concentrated alkalis on fabric.
2. No acid to be used at all on fabric.
3. Do not use bleaching solution at all on fabric.
4. Never use metal bristle brushes for fabric cleaning. Use only nylon bristle brushes.
5. Ensure no condensate & lubricant leakages at edges to avoid edge slackening.
1. Caustic soda solution of 5% can be used if necessary.
2. Removal of rosin size and foreign matter a 5% solution Acetic Acid wash followed by a 10% solution soda ash wash.
For removal of oil and grease used kerosene Benzene, Acetone, Methylated spirits, Toluene, Trichloroethylene etc.
Precautions
1. Do not use concentrated alkalis on fabric.
2. No acid to be used at all on fabric.
3. Do not use bleaching solution at all on fabric.
4. Never use metal bristle brushes for fabric cleaning. Use only nylon bristle brushes.
5. Ensure no condensate & lubricant leakages at edges to avoid edge slackening.
Thursday, 8 December 2011
Installation of fabrics
Before fabric Installation
1. Check all the rolls and ensure that all are in good condition. If found defects change that roll.
2. Check all rolls bearings and ensure all are in good condition.
3. Check all doctor blades and ensure that all are in good condition.
4. Check the guider and bellows and ensure that is in good condition.
5. In case of newly machined metal rolls the surface should be checked with surgical cotton to ensure that the surface is free from burrs.
6. Check the flat box hole and ensure that all are in good condition.
7. Cheek the couch roll suction holes and ensure that is in good condition. Otherwise change the couch roll.
8. Avoid using a knife to remove the fabric wrappers. Also avoid knocking the fabric against any sharp object which might cut it.
9. Check the forming board and deflector and ensure that are in good condition.
10. Clean all rolls and parts with high pressure water. Use brushes if necessary.
During fabric Installation
1. While holding the fabric, it should be ensured that no hard fold takes place. Pinching type of holding should be avoided.
2. Look the direction of operation.
3. At first fabric enter into couch roll. Then fourdrineir part.
4. When fabric is entered, it should be noticed that no sharp object hurt it.
5. Not given over tension on the fabric.
6. When need tension, make wet the fabric previously.
After fabric Installation
1. Check rolls level and squareness.
2. Clean all grease and oil on the fabric.
3. Wet the fabric properly. Give appropriate tension.
4. Open the entire shower, crawl the fabric and ensure at this time fabric not move. At last run the fabric.
5. In case of abnormal fabric elongation problem, contact supplier.
1. Check all the rolls and ensure that all are in good condition. If found defects change that roll.
2. Check all rolls bearings and ensure all are in good condition.
3. Check all doctor blades and ensure that all are in good condition.
4. Check the guider and bellows and ensure that is in good condition.
5. In case of newly machined metal rolls the surface should be checked with surgical cotton to ensure that the surface is free from burrs.
6. Check the flat box hole and ensure that all are in good condition.
7. Cheek the couch roll suction holes and ensure that is in good condition. Otherwise change the couch roll.
8. Avoid using a knife to remove the fabric wrappers. Also avoid knocking the fabric against any sharp object which might cut it.
9. Check the forming board and deflector and ensure that are in good condition.
10. Clean all rolls and parts with high pressure water. Use brushes if necessary.
During fabric Installation
1. While holding the fabric, it should be ensured that no hard fold takes place. Pinching type of holding should be avoided.
2. Look the direction of operation.
3. At first fabric enter into couch roll. Then fourdrineir part.
4. When fabric is entered, it should be noticed that no sharp object hurt it.
5. Not given over tension on the fabric.
6. When need tension, make wet the fabric previously.
After fabric Installation
1. Check rolls level and squareness.
2. Clean all grease and oil on the fabric.
3. Wet the fabric properly. Give appropriate tension.
4. Open the entire shower, crawl the fabric and ensure at this time fabric not move. At last run the fabric.
5. In case of abnormal fabric elongation problem, contact supplier.
Monday, 5 December 2011
Press felt
Felt is the key part in the press section. Press felt is used for removing water from paper. In this step paper contains huge water. If this water containing paper provide to dryer section than huge steam consume for drying the paper. As a result cost of paper production must be increase.
For removing water, paper provide over the press felt. Two rolls are used for creating pressure on the felt. These two rolls are called press roll. One is placed under the press felt which is called bottom press roll. It remains fixed. Another press roll is placed on the press felt. It is not fixed. It can be up-down. By up and down this press rolls creating pressure. When pressure is applied on paper containing press felt, felt absorbed water from paper. As a result paper loss water and hence steam consumption decrease in dryer section. Moreover bottom press roll would be a suction roll (i.e roll is containing many small hole). This suction press roll is remains attached with a vacuum pump. It is also remove water from paper through the press felt.
Press felt remains attach with suction box which is connecting with vacuum pump. Through this suction box water is eliminated from press felt. As a result press felt is ready for further removing water from paper.
For removing water, paper provide over the press felt. Two rolls are used for creating pressure on the felt. These two rolls are called press roll. One is placed under the press felt which is called bottom press roll. It remains fixed. Another press roll is placed on the press felt. It is not fixed. It can be up-down. By up and down this press rolls creating pressure. When pressure is applied on paper containing press felt, felt absorbed water from paper. As a result paper loss water and hence steam consumption decrease in dryer section. Moreover bottom press roll would be a suction roll (i.e roll is containing many small hole). This suction press roll is remains attached with a vacuum pump. It is also remove water from paper through the press felt.
Press felt remains attach with suction box which is connecting with vacuum pump. Through this suction box water is eliminated from press felt. As a result press felt is ready for further removing water from paper.
Tuesday, 31 May 2011
Preparation of Lemon lime Soft Drinks
At first we have to need preparation of mother syrup. For prepared mother syrup we need a tank which contains more than 1000L liquid. Let we prepared 1000L mother syrup. We need following chemicals.
Sugar 670~675kg
Flavour 6.25kg
Citric Acid 10.8kg
Sodium Benzoate 0.9kg
Sodium Citrate 3.125kg
Water 575L
We take another tank and taken their some water. Then heat the water approximately 70~75ºC temperature. Then dissolved the sugar this boiled water. Then it is supply to the tank where we preparing mother syrup. This tank has to take remaining water. In the same time we dissolved the other chemicals into container separately. After this we have to add sodium benzoate and needs agitating. Then we have to add citric acid, sodium citrate and at last lemon lime flavour. This is our mother syrup. The total volume will be 1000L. The Brix of this syrup will be 53.5 to 55.5.
After preparing mother syrup we mixed it with carbonated water and fill into bottle for supplied to the market. The carbon-di-oxide and water control such a way so that gas volume 3.5~4.0cc and brix is about 11°. These type Soft drinks are Sprite, 7up, Sierra Mist, Upper 10, Fran up etc.
A one liter these type Soft Drinks contains
Sugar 135.3gm
Citric Acid 2.168 gm
Sodium Benzoate 0.181gm
Sodium Citrate 0.627gm
Flavour 1.255gm.
Sugar 670~675kg
Flavour 6.25kg
Citric Acid 10.8kg
Sodium Benzoate 0.9kg
Sodium Citrate 3.125kg
Water 575L
We take another tank and taken their some water. Then heat the water approximately 70~75ºC temperature. Then dissolved the sugar this boiled water. Then it is supply to the tank where we preparing mother syrup. This tank has to take remaining water. In the same time we dissolved the other chemicals into container separately. After this we have to add sodium benzoate and needs agitating. Then we have to add citric acid, sodium citrate and at last lemon lime flavour. This is our mother syrup. The total volume will be 1000L. The Brix of this syrup will be 53.5 to 55.5.
After preparing mother syrup we mixed it with carbonated water and fill into bottle for supplied to the market. The carbon-di-oxide and water control such a way so that gas volume 3.5~4.0cc and brix is about 11°. These type Soft drinks are Sprite, 7up, Sierra Mist, Upper 10, Fran up etc.
A one liter these type Soft Drinks contains
Sugar 135.3gm
Citric Acid 2.168 gm
Sodium Benzoate 0.181gm
Sodium Citrate 0.627gm
Flavour 1.255gm.
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